I test every recipe I post. There were 1,536 deaths among the 13,996 interned civilians in 194245. 19401991 Tallinn 2005. Detailed by country: Rummel estimates POW deaths in Japanese custody at 539,000. On 7 May at his headquarters in Rheims, Eisenhower took the unconditional surrender of all German forces to the western Allies and the Soviet Union,[44] from the German Chief-of-Staff, General Alfred Jodl, who signed the first general instrument of surrender at 0241 hours. 2- The section Effects of Strategic Bombing on the German War Economy of October 31, 1945 put the losses at 375,000 killed and 625,000 wounded. Krasnoiarskii gos. The additions were the annexation of the, Estimates in the west for the population transfers differ. universitet, 2000; (Russian Academy of Sciences). Commonwealth War Graves Commission Annual Report 20132014, page 44. & Jap. Sakhalin, the Aleutian, and Kuril Islands: 8,200, 3,200, (11,400) 1939 WWII Era France Soldiers in Observation Post . Total war dead of 357,116; Navy (50,758); Army (144,079); Air Force (69,606); Women's Auxiliary Territorial Service (624); Total deaths from 1940 to 1953 due to the war and the Soviet occupation were approximately 83,000 persons (7.3% of the population). During World War II, 1.2million African Americans served in the U.S. Armed Forces and 708 were killed in action. The military's complicity extended not only to the generals and upper leadership but also to the rank and file. The losses listed here are actual deaths; hypothetical losses due to a decline in births are not included with the total dead. [254] Michael Haynes and Rumy Husun accept the figures from the Soviet archives as being an accurate tally of Stalin's victims, they maintain that the demographic data depicts an underdeveloped Soviet economy and the losses in World War Two rather than indicating a higher death toll in the Gulag labor camps. Baranowski, Shelley (2010). [603] After the reoccupation by the USSR, 5,000 Estonians died in Soviet prisons during 194445. 360,000 dead or wounded, and 1,900,000 captured. [384] Civilian losses were due to the sinking of the. There are no reliable figures for the casualties of the Soviet Union and China, the two countries in which casualties were undoubtedly greatest. 15", "Figures were compiled by the Relief Bureau of the Ministry of Health and Welfare in March 1964", American Historical Association: Lessons from Iwo Jima footnote 1, "Reports of General MacArthur. WW2 started . The official Russian figure for total POW held by the Germans is 4,059,000; the number of Soviet, Conscripted reservists is an estimate of men called up, primarily in 1941, who were killed in battle or died as. Stalin began purging the Red Army of its professional and skilled soldiers. XXX Corps was able to advance beyond six of the seven airborne-held bridges but was unable to link up with the troops near the bridge over the Rhine at Arnhem. This was followed by a tedious campaign to clear a peninsula dominating the estuary, and finally, the amphibious assault on Walcheren Island in November. in Demographic Trends and Patterns in the Soviet Union Before 1991. Military deaths from all causes totaled 2125million, including deaths in captivity of about 5million prisoners of war. In turn, it commanded three groups: the Wehrmacht Netherlands Command (Wehrmachtbefehlshaber Niederlande) or WBN, covering the Dutch and Belgian coasts and Army Group B, covering the coast of northern France with the German 15th Army (HQ in Tourcoing), in the area north of the Seine; the 7th Army, (HQ in Le Mans), between the Seine and the Loire defending the English Channel and the Atlantic coast, and Army Group G with responsibility for the Bay of Biscay coast and Vichy France, with its 1st Army, (HQ in Bordeaux), responsible for the Atlantic coast between the Loire and the Spanish border and the 19th Army, (HQ in Avignon), responsible for the Mediterranean coast. An academic study of the Chinese population concluded that "a conservative estimate would put total human casualties directly caused by the war of 19371945 at between 15,000,000 and 20,000,000". The first phase saw the capitulation of Luxembourg, Netherlands, Belgium, and France during May and June 1940 after their defeat in the Low Countries and the northern half of France, and continued into an air war between Germany and Britain that climaxed with the Battle of Britain. A. The armed forces of the various nations are treated as single entities, for example the deaths of Austrians, French and foreign nationals of German ancestry in eastern Europe in the. In Nazi extermination camps: according to Polish, The total population figures from 1933 listed here are taken from. [600] 19401959 [The Population of Russia in the 20thcentury: volume2], May Rocznik Statystyczny Polski 19391941, Since the Czech Republic as political entity exists only since 1969/1993, this political name stands for Czech part (. The port of Antwerp was liberated on 4 September by the British 11th Armoured Division. pp. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1996. As it was the first major German city to face capture, Hitler ordered that the city be held at all costs. About 298,000 Americans died. To this must be added the 263,000655,000 who died, giving a rough total of 8 million German soldiers having served on the Western Front in 19441945. World War 2 was the bloodiest conflict in human history. With its main thrust again through the Hrtgen Forest, the offensive drove the Allies to the Rur River, but failed in its core objectives to capture the Rur dams and pave the way towards the Rhine. (1974) The Maschke Commission found that about 1.2million German military personnel reported as missing more than likely died as POWs, including 1.1million in the USSR. In Episode 3 we take apart the most gruesome battles seen on the Western Front, North African Campaign and Middle Eastern Operations. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hg. [255], In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated 150,000 Polish citizens were killed due to Soviet repression. USSR 82,079 (3,522 post armistice); Africa 22,341 (1,565 post armistice), at sea 28,438 (5,526 post armistice); Civilian deaths totaled 50-55 million. Confirmed dead were 159,957 (92,767 pre-armistice, 67,090 post armistice)[445] U.S. Dept. The Allies had been arguing about whether to advance on a broad-front or a narrow-front from before D-Day. Bilanz der Forschung unter besonderer Bercksichtigung der Wehrmacht- und Vertreibungsverluste, in: Der Zweite Weltkrieg. An estimated 5,800,000 Poles died, which was 20 percent of Poland's prewar population. Civilian casualties include deaths caused by strategic bombing, Holocaust victims, German war crimes, Japanese war crimes, population transfers in the Soviet Union, Allied war crimes, and deaths due to war-related famine and disease. This was followed by a pincer movement of the First Canadian Army in Operation Veritable advancing from the Nijmegen area of the Netherlands, and the US Ninth Army crossing the Roer in Operation Grenade. Figure does not include the Nazi euthanasia program, German Federal Archive, Siegel, Silke Vertreibung und Vertreibungsverbrechen 19451948. 4-The figures for Army wounded add up to 4,219,211. Data from the Netherlands Institute of War Documentation puts the number of Dutch POW captured by the Japanese at 37,000 of whom 8,500 died. The Ninth and First American armies then turned east and pushed to the Elbe river by mid-April. Percy Schramm Kriegstagebuch des Oberkommandos der Wehrmacht: 1940 1945: 8 Bde. If the British refused to agree to a peace treaty, one option was to invade. Entrenchments, machine gun emplacements, barbed wire and artillery repeatedly inflicted severe casualties during attacks and counter-attacks and no significant advances were made. Bonn 1989 pp. The most notable of these is the Holocaust in which millions of Jews, Poles, and Romani were systematically murdered or died from abuse and mistreatment. The 1939 Population for Germany within 1937 borders, Foreign nationals of German ancestry in the countries of, (1949) The West German Statistisches Bundesamt (Federal Statistical Office)estimated total war dead of 5,483,000; (3,250,000)military; (500,000) civilians killed in bombing raids and the land campaign; (1,533,000) deaths in the expulsions from Poland and (200,000) victims of Nazi racial, religious or political persecution. Germany: 157,621 casualties (27,074 dead (The final count of the German dead is possibly as high as 49,000 men when including the losses suffered by the Kriegsmarine, because of additional non-combat causes, the wounded who died of their injuries, and the missing who were confirmed as dead. In the resulting battle, the city was taken, at a cost of 5,000 casualties on both sides, with an additional 5,600 German prisoners. "Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS) Netherlands" (PDF). According to Sergei Maksudov, a Russian demographer living in the west, the population of the territories annexed by the USSR was 23million less the net population transfers out of 3million persons who emigrated from the USSR including 2,136,000 Poles who left the USSR; 115,000 Polish soldiers of the, Polish sources put the number of refugees from the. E. Bruce Reynolds, "Aftermath of Alliance: The Wartime Legacy in Thai-Japanese Relations". 83,307 dead; 57,258 missing and 118,127 wounded. Tams Stark of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences has provided the following assessment of Hungarian losses. [244] The Soviet-era archive figures on the Gulag labor camps has been the subject of a vigorous academic debate outside Russia since their publication in 1991. Soviet sources list the deaths of 403 of the 2,377 Finnish. The Breskens pocket on the southern bank of the Scheldt was cleared with heavy casualties by allied forces in Operation Switchback, during the Battle of the Scheldt. Warsaw 1966, Ruas, scar Vasconcelos, "Relatrio 194647", AHU, Urlanis, Boris (1971). The crossing of the Moselle River and the capture of the fortress of Metz proved difficult for the American troops in the face of German reinforcements, supply shortages, and unfavorable weather. The British used the Egyptian army to guard lines of communication and to clear minefields. The Holocaust is the term generally used to describe the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World WarII. ", "Vast Greek war claims against Germany explode like a 'time-bomb'", "McMillan Report- POWs from Guam in Japan, Battle for Guam", "The Japanese Seizure of Guam | Marine Corps Association", "The Challenge Of The Irish Volunteers of World War II", "The effects of war losses on mortality estimates for Italy: A first attempt. Merchant Marine Casualties during World War II", "Croatian President Mesic Apologizes for Croatian Crimes Against the Jews during the Holocaust", "United States Holocaust Memorial Museum's Holocaust Encyclopedia: "Jasenovac", Documenting Numbers of Victims of the Holocaust and Nazi Persecution, The Central Database of Shoah Victims' Names, Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany, Rape during the Soviet occupation of Poland, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=World_War_II_casualties&oldid=1130798063, Articles with dead external links from March 2021, Articles with permanently dead external links, Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from May 2020, Articles with German-language sources (de), Articles with Polish-language sources (pl), Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2019, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, 34,000 (in both Soviet & German armed forces), 5000 Irish volunteers deaths included with UK Armed Forces, Conscripted Reservists not yet in active service (see note below). 10 824 236/1567 = ~6908/day or 8 573 054/1567 = ~5471/day WW2 total miltary deaths: between 21 000 000 and 25 500 000. [39], The US 12th Army Group fanned out, and the First Army went north as the southern pincer of the Ruhr encirclement. World War 2's Eastern Front From Stalingrad To Berlin In 48 Photos How The Eastern Front Decided World War II Published August 11, 2019 Updated August 20, 2019 The Nazis suffered 80 percent of their casualties on World War II's Eastern Front, the deadliest theater in the history of war. Manchuria: 45,900, 800, (46,700) 73538. 1-Summary Report (July 1946) Total civilian casualties in Japan, as a result of 9 months of air attack, including those from the atomic bombs, were approximately 806,000. In addition, 247,000 Austrians lost their lives serving in the army of the Third Reich or were reported missing, and 24,000 civilians were killed during bombing" raids. The Phoney War was an early phase of World War II marked by a few military operations in Continental Europe in the months following the German invasion of Poland and preceding the Battle of France. Ingo Haar, "Hochgerechnetes Unglck, Die Zahl der deutschen Opfer nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg wird bertrieben", Sddeutsche Zeitung, November 14, 2006. In addition the civilian population was conscripted by the Japanese as forced laborers and were subjected to numerous mindless atrocities. [415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422], Military war dead In January 1945 the German bridgehead over the river Roer between Heinsberg and Roermond was cleared during Operation Blackcock. [147] Civilians 7,500 (3,600 Merchant seaman, 1,500 resistance fighters, 1,800 civilians killed and 600 Jews killed)[94] : -Human Losses of the USSR in the Period of WWII: Collection of Articles. Vietnamese sources put the number of deaths during the 194445 famine in North Vietnam at between 1 and 2million. It was not possible to predict where the Allies might choose to launch their invasion. A Russian historian in a handbook of human losses in the 20th century has provided the following assessment of Bulgarian casualties:Military deaths: 2,000 military Axis occupation forces in Yugoslavia and Greece; 10,124 dead, Military casualties with the pro-Japanese, Library and Archives Canada puts military losses at 44,090 (24,525 Army, 17,397 Air Force, 2,168 Navy. [6] Historian Rdiger Overmans of the Military History Research Office (Germany) published a study in 2000 that estimated the German military dead and missing at 5.3 million, including 900,000 men conscripted from outside of Germany's 1937 borders, in Austria, and in east-central Europe. [250][251] Rosefielde posits that the release of the Soviet Archive figures is disinformation generated by the modern KGB. While the majority of the German army was mustered for the invasion of the Soviet Union, construction began on the Atlantic Wall a series of defensive fortifications along the French coast of the English Channel. [32] If the British had broken out of the Normandy bridgehead (or beachhead) around Caen when they launched Operation Goodwood and pushed along the coast, facts on the ground might have turned the argument in favour of a narrow front. However, in the meantime, the Allies took the war to Germany, with a strategic bombing campaign the US Eighth Air Force bombing Germany by day and RAF Bomber Command bombing by night. 1993; China's Anti-Japanese War Combat Operations. Siberia: 52,300, 400, (52,700) Total Bulgarian military war dead were 18,500 including 6,671 battle deaths. Wars and Population. [4][5][2] In August 2009 the Polish Institute of National Remembrance (IPN) researchers estimated Poland's dead at between 5.6 and 5.8 million. Ministero della Difesa Edizioni 1986 (in Italian). By 1940, 48,773 were purged - 90 percent of its generals, 80 percent of its colonels, and half of its core commanders - leaving the army with unskilled officers, few trained leaders, and poor morale. Civilian deaths of 203,250 which included 1,350 Merchant seaman, 2,800 executed, 2,500 dead in Dutch concentration camps, [2] According to Russian government figures, USSR losses within postwar borders now stand at 26.6million,[3][4] including 8 to 9million due to famine and disease. The exact number of dead and injured will never be known because of the confusion after the explosions. World War I Killed, wounded, and missing The casualties suffered by the participants in World War I dwarfed those of previous wars: some 8,500,000 soldiers died as a result of wounds and/or disease. Dieter Pohl, Verfolgung und Massenmord in der NS-Zeit 19331945, WBG (Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft), 2003; Rossiiskaia Akademiia nauk. Malaya & Singapore: 8,500, 2,900, (11,400) No reliable statistics on Albania's wartime losses exist, but the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration reported about 30,000 Albanian war dead. Radiation Effects Research Foundation How many people died as a result of the atomic bombings? Aiming to recapture Strasbourg, the Germans attacked the 6th Army Group at multiple points. Liudskie poteri v Velikoi Otechestvennoi voine 19411945 gg: Statisticheskoe issledovanie (Human Losses in the Great Patriotic War 19411945 A Statistical Investigation). Andaman & Nicobar Islands: 900, 1,500, (2,400) The West German government put the number of Germans killed by the Nazi political, racial and religious persecution at 300,000 (including 170,000 German Jews). Keitel is defiant at Berlin ritual. Research in Russia since the collapse of the Soviet Union has caused a revision of estimates of Soviet World War II fatalities. During World War II, 14,059 American POWs died in enemy captivity throughout the war (12,935 held by Japan and 1,124 held by Germany). (Victims of Two Dictatorships. Archivalien und ausgewhlte Erlebnisberichte. The Japanese government figures for POW deaths are not in agreement with Soviet figures. The United Nations reported in 1947 that "about 30,000 Europeans and 300,000 Indonesian internees and forced laborers died during the occupation." (1960) The West German government issued figures of the war losses. U.S. Army figures include the deaths of 5,337 from the Philippines and 165 from Puerto Rico (see p.118). Burma (inc. India): 163,000, 1,500, (164,500) Philippines military losses were 57,000 including 7,000 KIA in 194142 campaign, 8,000 guerrillas KIA 194245 and 42,000 POWs(out of 98,000). The most numerous victims were Serbs. Gunn, Geoffrey (2011) "The Great Vietnamese Famine of 194445 Revisited", The Statistisches Jahrbuch fr die Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1960, p. 78. By the time the water had subsided and the US Ninth Army was able to cross the Roer on 23 February, other Allied forces were also close to the Rhine's west bank. During September and October, the Allied 6th Army Group (U.S. German Army GroupG surrendered to US forces at Haar, in Bavaria, on 5 May. 1937-1940 - Red Army purges . Civilian losses included 160,000 Jewish Holocaust dead, As Ruanda [Rwanda] was not occupied nor its food supply cut off, these deaths are not usually included with World War II casualties. Eng. An estimated total of 7085 million people perished, or about 3% of the 2.3 billion (est.) (1 January 1995). Military History Research Office (Germany), World War II casualties of the Soviet Union, the deportation of Ukrainians from Poland to the USSR in 194447, the flight and expulsion of Poles from the USSR 194447, territories of Poland annexed by the Soviet Union, PolishSoviet border agreement of August 1945, other victims persecuted and killed by the Nazis, German mistreatment of Soviet prisoners of war, western civilians interned by the Japanese, Czechoslovak military units on Eastern front, Soviet bombing raids against Estonian cities, Finnish Volunteer Battalion of the Waffen-SS, German Armed Forces Military History Research Office, flight and expulsion of Germans (194450), flight and expulsion of Germans (19441950), forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Demographic estimates of the flight and expulsion of Germans, Forced labor of Germans in the Soviet Union, Axis occupation of Greece during World War II, a list that lists the names of some 35,000 RSI military personnel killed in action or executed, The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, deaths during the Soviet occupation in 194041, Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators, "International Programs Historical Estimates of World Population U.S. Census Bureau", Rulers and victims: the Russians in the Soviet Union, "Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Twentieth Century Hemoclysm", "Deaths as a result of service with Australian units (AWM) web page", "Australian Military Statistics World War II A Global Perspective", "Food Supply in Java during War and Decolonisation, 19401950", http://www.japanfocus.org/-Geoffrey-Gunn/3483, "ASSESSING THE GUAM WAR CLAIMS PROCESS, COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Dec. 12, 2009", "Hve margir slendingar du seinni heimsstyrjldinni? Liudskie poteri SSSR v period vtoroi mirovoi voiny: sbornik statei. In October the Americans decided that they could not just invest Aachen and let it fall in a slow siege, because it threatened the flanks of the U.S. Ninth Army. Civilian deaths were caused by Allied bombing and shellfire and Japanese atrocities. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). In early 1918 Imperial Germany knew it finally had a chance to win against the Allies. Each army group was allocated its mobile reserves. Generals Eisenhower and Bradley concluded that pushing beyond the Elbe made no sense since eastern Germany was destined in any case to be occupied by the Red Army. Third Axis Fourth Ally. An estimated 40,000,000 to 50,000,000 people died during World War II. 95% of POWs taken by the Germans on the Western front survived. On 4 April the encirclement was completed and the Ninth Army reverted to the command of Bradley's 12th Army Group. German efforts to interdict the Allies' trans-Atlantic trade at sea ignited the Battle of the Atlantic. The number of deaths in the Gulag labor camps increased as a result of wartime overcrowding and food shortages. On 19 August, the French Resistance (FFI) organised a general uprising and the liberation of Paris took place on 25 August when general Dietrich von Choltitz accepted the French ultimatum and surrendered to general Philippe Leclerc de Hauteclocque, commander of the Free French 2nd Armored Division, ignoring orders from Hitler that Paris should be held to the last and destroyed. The offensive ended with Arnhem remaining in German hands and the Allies holding an extended salient from the Belgian border to the area between Nijmegen and Arnhem. The attack was the debut of the Australian Imperial Force on the Western Front and, according to McMullin, "the worst 24 hours in Australia's entire history". Total casualties were 668,315 including 299,485 dead, 24,010 missing and 344,820 injured. [42] This later caused some friction with the Yugoslav forces, notably around Trieste. - (Russian Academy of Sciences). vs. Australia 199,511 killed and 15,000 wounded. Military deaths from all causes totaled 21-25 million, including deaths in captivity of about 5 million prisoners of war. Statistics on the number of military wounded are included whenever available. Both the Allies and Japanese also conscripted civilians to work as laborers and porters. & Jap. Allies United StatesUnited Kingdom At the end of the war, many Ustae and Slovene collaborators were killed in or as a result of the Yugoslav death march of Nazi collaborators. Studies in Global Social History, 2010), p. 227. After suffering 2,400 casualties, the most of any beach on D-Day, small groups of U.S. soldiers were able to break through the defenses, opening the way for successive waves. Andreev, E.M.; Darski, L.E. [Tokyo] 1949, pp. This instance of tying prisoner's hands contributed to Hitler's decision to issue his Commando Order instructing that all captured Commandos or Commando-type personnel were to be executed as a matter of procedure. [40], General Eisenhower's Armies were facing resistance that varied from almost non-existent to fanatical[41] as they advanced toward Berlin, which was located 200km (120mi) from their positions in early April 1945. [258], The following is a summary of the data from the Soviet archives: Updated February 26, 2010", "Tables "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, type of personnel, and theater: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946" through "Battle casualties by type of casualty and disposition, and duty branch: 7 December 1941 31 December 1946", "American Merchant Marine in World War 2", "The Public Health Service Commissioned Corps | Defense Media Network", "NOAA History /NOAA Legacy/NOAA Corps and the Coast and Geodetic Survey", "G.F. Krivosheev. Universe, Inc. (July 13, 2005). Some 40,000 Roma were murdered. Page 478. Answer (1 of 5): WW1 total military deaths: between 8 573 054 and 10 824 236. Airborne troops would fly in from the United Kingdom and take bridges over the main rivers of the German-occupied Netherlands in three main cities; Eindhoven, Nijmegen, and Arnhem. British forces captured Bremen on 26 April after a week of combat. After the war ended deaths at the hands of the Red Army and local Chinese population were 185,000 Manchuria, 28,000 in North Korea and 10,000 on Sakhalin and the Kurile islands. Fighting on the Western Front was preceded by the Phony War. In doing so, the Germans beat the Allies to the punch; the Allies had been planning an amphibious landing in which they could begin to surround Germany, cutting off her supply of raw materials from Sweden. pedagog. 1961 (. Equipment losses were 753 tanks and 1,284 aircraft. The following notes summarize Soviet casualties, the details are presented in World War II casualties of the Soviet Union. [1] Deaths directly caused by the war (including military and civilian fatalities) are estimated at 5056million, with an additional estimated 1928million deaths from war-related disease and famine. R. J. Rummel estimates the civilian victims of Japanese democide at 5,964,000. of Commerce) Washington 1953. p. 43 The U.S. Commerce Dept. 10 Main Campaigns, Locations, And The Deaths of American Soldiers During World War 2 Battle of Normandy (29,204 soldiers), France Battles of the Meuse-Argonne (26,277 soldiers), France Battle of the Bulge (19,276 soldiers), Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany Central Europe Campaign (15,009) Battle of Okinawa (14,000 soldiers), Japan